![]() It provides a clear graphical output, depicting recombination crossover points between sequences by plotting the genetic distance between each sequence as a function of its sequence position. RAT is a very simple, easy-to-use cross-platform program that allows for the comparison and detection of recombination of between multiple sequences, in a straightforward graphical user interface. Three recombination-detection programs are described here, using HIV-1 strains isolated from Uganda, where subtype A and D are prominent, and recombinant A-D strains have arisen. Recombinant strains have arisen in Eastern Africa, given the co-circulation of different types of strains. A few are described here, using HIV-1 strains isolated from Uganda, where subtypes A and D are prominent. Several programs exist to detect recombination among genomes and to identify breakpoints in sequences, which represent recombinant regions. Because recombination accounts for much of the genetic diversity observed between viral strains, it is of interest to decipher where the origins of recombinant sequences are, and to know which viral strains are likely to have undergone recombination. Recombination, defined by Posada et al (2001) as the exchange of genetic information between two nucleotide sequences, is quite common in many viruses. It has an opportunity to disclose a commitment that addresses key issues for animal and aquatic welfare across its relevant species, geographies and products.This week€™s addition to the virology toolbox was written by Danielle Coulson and Chris UptonĬomparing genomes of viral strains can provide very useful insight into evolutionary relationships. The company does not disclose that it is addressing key animal and aquatic welfare issues for its relevant key species in its own operations. The company has an opportunity to disclose a commitment by demonstrating policies and/or activities that tackle food loss and waste. The company does not disclose that it is addressing food loss and waste in its own operations. While the company has set a target to reduce its freshwater intake across its own operations, it is yet to report progress against the target. The company does not disclose that it is adopting sustainable production practices that optimise the use of fertilisers and pesticides nor that improve soil health and increase agrobiodiversity. Soil health and agrobiodiversity, and fertiliser and pesticide use ![]() The company can improve by reporting progress against the target. Simplot has a target to reduce carbon emissions by 20% per ton of product through direct reductions in facilities and annual soil carbon sequestration in company-owned farms and ranches by 2030. No sufficient commitments and evidence were found demonstrating that the company prohibits forced labour in its supply chain, recognises the health and safety risks to vulnerable groups, pays a living wage or supports farmers’ resilience and land rights. Simplot fails to demonstrate that it protects fundamental workers’ rights. While it commits to food safety, the company has an opportunity to formulate commitments covering other nutrition topics, such as availability of healthy foods or clear and transparent labelling. Simplot has taken steps to reduce scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and water use, but it can improve its performance by showing progress against its targets. ![]() In the environment measurement area, J.R. The company lags behind most of the other food and agriculture companies, the result of poor disclosure regarding its sustainability strategy. Simplot ranks 256th in the Food and Agriculture Benchmark, showing room for improvement across all four measurement areas.
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